Discussed in this article as part of the axial skeleton is a third subdivision, the visceral, comprising the lower jaw, some elements of the upper jaw, and the branchial arches, including the hyoid bone.Ībout how many bones do newborn humans have? What is the smallest bone in the human body? From mandibles and teeth to phalanges and spines, test your knowledge of bones in this quiz.Ī distinctive characteristic of humans as compared with other mammals is erect posture. These are (1) the axial, comprising the vertebral column-the spine-and much of the skull, and (2) the appendicular, to which the pelvic (hip) and pectoral (shoulder) girdles and the bones and cartilages of the limbs belong. The human skeleton, like that of other vertebrates, consists of two principal subdivisions, each with origins distinct from the others and each presenting certain individual features. This article is concerned primarily with the gross structure and the function of the skeleton of the normal human adult. There also are bands of fibrous connective tissue-the ligaments and the tendons-in intimate relationship with the parts of the skeleton. This framework consists of many individual bones and cartilages. Human skeleton, the internal skeleton that serves as a framework for the body.
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COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.From tech to household and wellness products. Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.NB: the nomenclature of the muscles of the spine varies greatly depending on the source, so we have meticulously followed the Terminologia Anatomica.Finally a diagram summarizes the insertion and origin of the transversal spinalis muscles (semispinalis, multifidus and rotator muscles).The short elevator muscles of the ribs and long elevator muscles of the ribs as well as the quadratus lumborum. A schematic view of the muscles of the back representing the multifidus muscles of the neck, chest and lower back and the rotator muscles of the neck, chest and loin.The back muscles represented on an anatomical chart and on a schematic view of the origin and insertion of the proper muscles of the back (iliocostal muscle of the neck, lumbar (lumbar and thoracic parts), longissimus muscles of head, neck and thorax, the spinalis muscles of the neck and thorax, semispinalis muscle of the head, neck and thorax, lateral intertransverse muscles of the loins.).The muscles of the back with the surface (trapezius, latissimus dorsi, thoracolumbar fascia, deltoid) and intermediate layers (serrated muscles, external and internal oblique muscle).The suboccipital muscles (splenius muscle, semispinalis muscles of the neck and head and interspinous neck muscles.).The myology of the spine and back unites several muscle groups:.
Anterior view of the sacrum, 3D reconstruction
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